The damage to cells from a surprising array of injuries, including radiation, burns, and many chemicals is initiated by the increased formation of atoms or molecules with unpaired electrons in their outer shell. A molecule so modified is called a radical. Among the most common of these radicals are those containing oxygen and so are known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS are highly reactive and can take an electron from almost any other cellular molecule they meet (such as lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, etc.), leaving that molecule with an incomplete outer electron shell in turn. This molecule is now itself a radical, although a less reactive one than the original oxygen-based radical, and thus ready to react with any other cellular molecules that have a weaker hold on their outer electrons. Thus a type of chain reaction is set up with successive generations of less and less reactive molecules. However, even the least reactive of these radicals still poses a danger as they are capable of wide diffusion in the cell, increasing the chances that they will enter the nucleus and react with DNA, causing mutation and cellular death. In response to this threat, the normal cell has developed a variety of mechanisms to control radical molecules, the chief of which is the binding of the reactive molecule by glutathione protein to stop further chain reaction. However, if bound (or conjugated) glutathione is allowed to accumulate to a significant degree, further conjugation of radicals is inhibited and toxic increases occur. Thus, removal from the cell of the conjugated glutathione is critical. The normally-occurring cellular membrane protein RLIP76 used in Terapio’s therapies provides removal of the conjugated glutathione as part of the cell’s natural defense. The critical discovery is that by increasing the amount of the RLIP76 protein available to a cell greatly increase its ability to deal with oxidative stresses such as chemical and radiation poisoning. Terapio is developing a pipeline of systemic and topical therapies based on this key benefit.